Inside Algeria’s Cybersecurity Research Labs: What Universities and CERIST Are Actually Producing

Mapping the Research Ecosystem

Algeria’s cybersecurity research output is larger and more active than most observers assume. A Scopus query for cybersecurity-related publications with at least one Algeria-affiliated author returns well over a thousand papers published between 2015 and 2025 — covering intrusion detection systems, malware analysis, cryptographic protocols, steganography, network security, and IoT security. By volume, Algeria ranks among the leading African countries for cybersecurity research, alongside South Africa, Egypt, Tunisia, and Nigeria.

The research ecosystem is anchored by a handful of key institutions. CERIST (Centre de Recherche sur l’Information Scientifique et Technique), Algeria’s national research center for scientific and technical information founded in 1985 and based in Ben Aknoun, Algiers, operates the country’s primary internet infrastructure — it manages the .dz domain through NIC.DZ (the ICANN-authorized body for Algeria’s country-code top-level domain) and operates DZ-CERT, Algeria’s Computer Emergency Response Team — while also maintaining active research groups in information security. CERIST was Algeria’s first internet service provider when the country came online in 1994 and continues to operate the academic and research network. Beyond CERIST, the heaviest research output comes from four universities: USTHB (Universite des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Algiers), ESI (Ecole nationale Superieure d’Informatique, formerly INI), University of Constantine 2 – Abdelhamid Mehri, and University of Batna 2.

What distinguishes Algeria’s cybersecurity research landscape is its concentration. The majority of the country’s cybersecurity research output comes from a relatively small number of research groups across these five institutions. This concentration creates both depth (these groups have genuine expertise in their focus areas) and fragility (the departure of two or three senior researchers could significantly diminish national research capacity in specific subfields).

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Research Focus Areas and Notable Output

Algeria’s cybersecurity research groups cluster around several distinct specializations, each with identifiable strengths and publication records. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) represent the single largest research area. Groups at USTHB’s LRIA laboratory (Laboratoire de Recherche en Intelligence Artificielle, created in 2000) and the University of Batna 2’s LaSTIC research laboratory have produced well-cited work on machine learning-based anomaly detection. This work is technically sound but overwhelmingly simulation-based — tested on benchmark datasets like NSL-KDD (developed by the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity at the University of New Brunswick) and CICIDS2017 rather than on real Algerian network traffic.

Cryptography and steganography form the second major cluster. ESI and CERIST host researchers with active publication records in lightweight cryptographic protocols (relevant for IoT), image steganography, and blockchain-based security architectures. Research on chaos-based image encryption has been an active area at Algerian universities, including the University of Constantine, and has attracted international collaboration and co-authored publications with French and Canadian institutions. CERIST’s own security research group has contributed to DNS security analysis and national internet resilience studies, leveraging its unique position as the operator of Algeria’s DNS infrastructure.

The emerging area with perhaps the most strategic relevance is IoT and SCADA security research. With Algeria’s energy infrastructure — Sonatrach operates one of the largest pipeline networks in Africa, spanning over 16,000 km of oil and gas pipelines — increasingly connected, securing industrial control systems is not an academic exercise. As Africa’s largest natural gas exporter and the world’s seventh largest, Algeria has critical infrastructure that demands applied security research. Research groups at USTHB and the University of Boumerdes (M’hamed Bougara University, which hosted the International Conference on Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and Theoretical Computer Science in 2022) have published on SCADA vulnerability assessment and industrial IoT security, though this work remains early-stage and has not yet produced the kind of applied security testing frameworks that Sonatrach or Sonelgaz could directly deploy.

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CTF Teams, Student Pipeline, and Practical Skills

Academic publications tell one story. Capture the Flag (CTF) competitions tell another — one more directly relevant to practical cybersecurity capability. CTF competitions simulate real-world hacking scenarios and test participants’ ability to exploit vulnerabilities, reverse-engineer software, crack cryptographic challenges, and defend systems under attack. They are widely regarded as the best proxy for applied cybersecurity skills.

Algeria’s CTF presence has grown significantly in recent years. On CTFtime, the global ranking platform for competitive cybersecurity teams, Algeria has dozens of registered teams. The most consistently active is Shellmates (ESI), a club founded in December 2011 as OWASP Student Chapter Algeria — the first OWASP representative in the country. Based at the Ecole nationale Superieure d’Informatique in Oued Smar, Algiers, Shellmates has competed in numerous international CTF competitions and ranks among the top African CTF teams. The club also organizes BSides Algiers (running since 2012) and Hack.INI, contributing to the broader cybersecurity community in Algeria. Other active teams include CyberEagles (USTHB) and teams from the University of Bejaia and ENSIA (the National School of Artificial Intelligence, which includes cybersecurity as a specialization area).

The student pipeline has historically faced a structural constraint: Algeria lacked a dedicated cybersecurity degree program. Students interested in security pursued general computer science or software engineering degrees and specialized through elective courses, self-study, CTF participation, and research lab involvement. ESI’s curriculum includes information security modules, and USTHB’s master’s program in computer science allows cybersecurity-focused thesis work, but for years there was no equivalent to the dedicated cybersecurity degree programs standard at universities in France (ESIEA’s cybersecurity programs), the UK (Royal Holloway’s MSc Information Security, the world’s first such program since 1992), or regional peers like Tunisia’s cybersecurity tracks.

This is beginning to change. In June 2024, Algeria created a National Higher School of Cybersecurity (Ecole Nationale Superieure de Cybersecurite) by presidential decree, located in the Sidi Abdellah technology hub outside Algiers. This institution, placed under the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, is dedicated entirely to training cybersecurity engineers and doctoral researchers — a significant step toward closing the formal education gap. However, the school is in its earliest stages, and it will take years before its graduates meaningfully expand Algeria’s professional cybersecurity workforce. In the meantime, the country’s most talented security practitioners remain largely self-taught — which produces exceptional individuals but does not scale.

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The Industry Gap: From Papers to Practice

The most significant challenge facing Algeria’s cybersecurity research ecosystem is not the quantity or quality of academic output — it is the near-total disconnect between university research and domestic industry application. The technology transfer mechanisms that convert academic research into commercial products, startup ventures, or government capability are largely absent.

Consider the contrast with comparably-sized research ecosystems. Israel, the global benchmark, channels academic cybersecurity research through military service (Unit 8200), innovation hubs (CyberSpark in Be’er Sheva, a joint venture of the National Cyber Bureau, Ben Gurion University, and industry), and a venture capital ecosystem that funded approximately $4 billion in cybersecurity startups in 2024 across 89 funding rounds — more than doubling from $1.89 billion in 2023. France, more relevant as a comparison for Algeria, has the Cyber Campus (opened February 2022 in La Defense, hosting 160 organizations and approximately 1,800 experts), the ANSSI (national cybersecurity agency) which collaborates with academic institutions through programs like Inria’s Cyber Campus transfer initiative (budgeted at 40 million euros over five years), and a startup ecosystem that produced Zama (fully homomorphic encryption, $73M raised in Series A in 2024), CrowdSec (open-source collaborative intrusion prevention, founded 2020), and dozens of other security ventures.

Algeria has none of these intermediary structures. There is no national cybersecurity accelerator, no structured mechanism for ASSI (the Information Systems Security Agency, operating under the Ministry of National Defense) or the CNSSI (National Information Systems Security Council, created by Law N 20-05 in January 2020) to commission research from university labs, and no venture capital ecosystem for security startups.

The result is a paradox: Algeria produces competent cybersecurity researchers who publish in international journals, and talented CTF competitors who rank among Africa’s best, but this human capital either stays within academia (contributing to the global knowledge base but not to Algerian national capability) or emigrates. The brain drain dimension is significant — Algerian-origin researchers hold positions at leading international institutions including INRIA (France) and cybersecurity firms across Europe and the Gulf states. Retaining and channeling this talent requires more than academic infrastructure; it requires an institutional ecosystem that creates a domestic market for cybersecurity research output.

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Sources & Further Reading

• CERIST — Centre de Recherche sur l’Information Scientifique et Technique
• DZ-CERT — Algeria Computer Emergency Response Team
• CERIST NIC.DZ — Algeria .dz Domain Registry
• Shellmates Club — ESI Cybersecurity Community
• CTFtime — Shellmates Team Profile
• USTHB LRIA — Laboratoire de Recherche en Intelligence Artificielle
• ESI — Ecole nationale Superieure d’Informatique
• Algeria National Higher School of Cybersecurity Announcement — Africa Cybersecurity Mag
• NSL-KDD Dataset — Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity, University of New Brunswick
• CICIDS2017 Dataset — Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity
• France Cyber Campus — National Cybersecurity Hub
• Israel Cybersecurity Investment 2024 — Times of Israel
• CyberSpark — Israeli Cyber Innovation Arena, Be’er Sheva
• Zama FHE Series A Funding — TechCrunch
• Algeria ASSI Cybersecurity Strategy — DzairTube
• Scopus Database — Cybersecurity Publications